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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Centennial Twitter Collection
Subject
The topic of the resource
2020 Centennial of Women's Suffrage Amendment
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Rachel B. Tiven
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Twitter.com
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
August 2019 to August 2020
Language
A language of the resource
English
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://twitter.com/DailySuffragist/status/1185226957493067778">Original thread.</a>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Daily Suffragist
Description
An account of the resource
The 19th c. suffrage movement split resulted from a painful failure. AERA fought to have “sex” included in the 15th Amendment, which barred states from discrimination in voting on the basis of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” <br />They failed.<br />Thread. <br /><br />The 15th Amdt meant suffrage for Black men only. (Though a decade later suffragists would argue that it implied that voting was an inherent right of all citizens.) Worse, the 14th Amendment specified voting by “male citizens” - adding sex to the Constitution for the first time.<br /><br />AERA had to decide whether to support half a loaf. At first there seemed to be consensus that Black male suffrage was important, and women should be patient. White abolitionist Wendell Phillips said “This hour belongs to the Negro.” (man) <br /><br />Then Stanton & Anthony rebelled. They felt betrayed. The movement for suffrage was a shared commitment. They thought everyone was in it together. And the door was closing politically - there might not be another chance.<br /><br />To them, for white women to wait in line behind men who weren’t white or educated or English-speaking felt outrageous. And they said so in blisteringly racist language. Brace yourself. <br /><br />Stanton: “Think of Patrick and Sambo and Hans and Yung Tung, who do not know the difference between a monarchy and a republic, who cannot read the Declaration of Independence or Webster’s spelling book, making law for Lucretia Mott . . . [or] Susan B. Anthony.”<br /><br />Anthony: “If you will not give the whole loaf of justice to the entire people, if you are determined to give it, piece by piece, then give it first to women, to the most intelligent & capable of the women at least.” She meant white women. <br /><br />Tomorrow: Black women respond.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Split
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
18/10/2019
15th Amendment
1869
AERA
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Racism
Susan B Anthony
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Centennial Twitter Collection
Subject
The topic of the resource
2020 Centennial of Women's Suffrage Amendment
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Rachel B. Tiven
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Twitter.com
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
August 2019 to August 2020
Language
A language of the resource
English
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://twitter.com/DailySuffragist/status/1186299759348371456" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Original thread.</a>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Daily Suffragist
Description
An account of the resource
All the women are white, all the Blacks are men, but some of us are brave. The title of the landmark Black feminist anthology is the essence of intersectionality. It’s also a summary of the suffrage movement & the heavy load Black women shouldered in it. <br /><br />In the years after the Civil War, white abolitionists & suffragists endlessly debated Black male suffrage, white women’s suffrage, universal suffrage, “educated” suffrage -who should step aside for whom. Frances E. W. Harper was one of few Black women to speak at the conventions. <br /><br />As the American Equal Rights Association argued about who needed the vote more: Blacks or women, Harper called out white women for their racism & naivete. At their founding Convention in 1866 she said “You white women speak here of rights. I speak of wrongs.” <br /><br />She described the humiliation of riding public transit as a woman of color. “Have women nothing to do with this?” <br /><br />Then she named the amorality of the nation as it stood in 1866 - when the war was won but citizenship still undefined. <br /><br />She's so fierce that I'll quote at length: <br /><br />“In advocating the cause of the colored man, since the Dred Scott decision I have sometimes said I thought the nation had touched bottom. But let me tell you there is a depth of infamy lower than that. <br /><br />“It is when the nation, standing upon the threshold of a great peril, reached out its hands to a feebler race & asked that race to help it, and when the peril was over said, You are good enough for soldiers, but not good enough for citizens.” <br /><br />Harper brings the speech home with the ultimate war hero: Harriet Tubman. She points out that Moses herself cannot travel unmolested in America, and then rhetorically closes the loop on the question of Black men, Black women, white women, and the ballot. <br /><br />“That woman [Tubman], whose courage and bravery won a recognition from our army and from every black man in the land, is excluded from every thoroughfare of travel. Talk of giving women the ballot-box? Go on. It is a [teaching school], and the white women of this country need it. <br /><br />“While there exists this brutal element in society which tramples upon the feeble and treads down the weak, I tell you that if there is any class of people who need to be lifted out of their airy nothings and selfishness, it is the white women of America.” Oct 21, 2019<br /><br />Thank you for this - so glad to know about @<a href="https://twitter.com/smithcaringcirc" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">smithcaringcirc</a> and to encourage folks to join. I will! Deep appreciation and gratitude to <a href="https://twitter.com/TheBarbaraSmith" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">@TheBarbaraSmith</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/PBell_Scott">@PBell_Scott</a> & Akasha Gloria Hull for the work, and to @ProfessMoravec and <a href="https://twitter.com/BarbaraSmithBio" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">@BarbaraSmithBio</a> for making sure I cite it properly.
Title
A name given to the resource
You white women speak of rights...
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
21/10/2019
Relation
A related resource
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p lang="en" dir="ltr">saying it again for the folks in the back <a href="https://twitter.com/TheBarbaraSmith?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@TheBarbaraSmith</a> is a god damn national treasure. This book launched the field of black women's studies. Support the <a href="https://twitter.com/smithcaringcirc?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@smithcaringcirc</a> <a href="https://t.co/Ce3wzB1Jdh">https://t.co/Ce3wzB1Jdh</a></p>
— Michelle Moravec (@ProfessMoravec) <a href="https://twitter.com/ProfessMoravec/status/1186299484080431105?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">October 21, 2019</a></blockquote>
15th Amendment
1866
Black Suffragists
Frances Ellen Watkins Harper
Racism
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Centennial Twitter Collection
Subject
The topic of the resource
2020 Centennial of Women's Suffrage Amendment
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Rachel B. Tiven
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Twitter.com
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
August 2019 to August 2020
Language
A language of the resource
English
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://twitter.com/DailySuffragist/status/1186642558757330946" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Original thread.</a>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Daily Suffragist
Description
An account of the resource
The 15th Amdt passed Congress in Feb 1869. By the time it was ratified a year later, the post-war coalition for Black and female suffrage was done. In its place were two competing women’s suffrage organizations. More on them ahead. But before we move on: what would you have done?<br /><br />If you were in those rooms debating, what would you say? Would you have supported the 15th Amdt, w/votes for Black men but not Black women? Black men and not white women? Would you have denounced it, when by 1869 it was the best revision our racist Constitution was likely to get?
Title
A name given to the resource
What would you have done?
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
22/10/2019
15th Amendment
1869
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Centennial Twitter Collection
Subject
The topic of the resource
2020 Centennial of Women's Suffrage Amendment
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Rachel B. Tiven
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Twitter.com
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
August 2019 to August 2020
Language
A language of the resource
English
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Description
An account of the resource
Lucy Stone tried hard to bridge the gap between pro- and anti-15th Amdt camps. She argued for a middle path that would support Black men’s enfranchisement now, and commit to an immediate campaign for a 16th Amdt for women. But after years of debate, the split had grown too deep. <br /><br />The 15th A supporters wanted fealty to the superior importance of Black male suffrage, full stop. So they were stuck: Stanton & Anthony insisted women’s votes be part of Reconstruction, Stephen Foster (a white abolitionist) and Frederick Douglass insisted they would have to wait.<br /><br />Forced to choose, Lucy Stone supported the 15th A on its own merits: “ I will be thankful in my soul if _any_ body can get out of this terrible pit.“ This conflict is described vividly and insightfully by @<a href="https://twitter.com/EllenDubois10" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EllenDubois10</a> in Feminism and Suffrage & Faye Dudden in Fighting Chance.
Title
A name given to the resource
Lucy Stone
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Daily Suffragist
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://twitter.com/DailySuffragist/status/1187421576758726659" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Original thread.</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
24/10/2019
15th Amendment
Lucy Stone
Resources
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Centennial Twitter Collection
Subject
The topic of the resource
2020 Centennial of Women's Suffrage Amendment
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Rachel B. Tiven
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Twitter.com
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
August 2019 to August 2020
Language
A language of the resource
English
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Description
An account of the resource
1. I’m immersed in the suffrage movement’s first major rupture, and grappling with how to acknowledge ElizCadyStanton & Susan B Anthony’s racism without dismissing them. <br /><br />2. Faye Dudden’s book Fighting Chance offers a scorching assessment of what happened... when a movement once committed to universal suffrage broke apart. Her book is particularly valuable for its dissection of the role of philanthropists’ dollars. Then as now, progressive work depends too much on the wealthy, which warps our advocacy and limits our effectiveness. <br /><br />3. Stanton & Anthony’s choices in 1868-69 were unforgivably racist. When they saw that the door was closing, that the Reconstruction amdts would make women worse off, they stooped lower. Dudden argues that’s because they were political realists, not naifs. They gambled, and lost. <br /><br />4. Did they know it would take 50 more years to win, and that Jim Crow would have strangled Black political power by then? It all turned out worse than anyone expected. And yet I can’t ‘cancel’ Stanton & Anthony, in current parlance. They slogged on for the rest of the century. <br /><br />5. They were deeply flawed, but their achievements were massive. Would the movement have been better off without them? One way to answer that is by comparing the ideology they built after the split to that of their rival suffrage faction, which supported the 15th A. Stay tuned.
Title
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Reflections on the 1870 split
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Daily Suffragist
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<a href="https://twitter.com/DailySuffragist/status/1189190196262125569" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Original thread.</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
29/10/2020
15th Amendment
1868
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Racism
Susan B Anthony
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Dublin Core
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Title
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Centennial Twitter Collection
Subject
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2020 Centennial of Women's Suffrage Amendment
Creator
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Rachel B. Tiven
Source
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Twitter.com
Date
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August 2019 to August 2020
Language
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English
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The 15th Amdt was ratified on Feb 3 1870. At @<a href="https://twitter.com/NYCBarAssn" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">NYCBarAssn</a> last night, I sat closer to the front than usual. I had never noticed this quote on the dais before & the date.👇 Related to local judicial corruption, not Reconstruction. But it struck me as surprisingly humble and aware.
Title
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White men, circa 1870
Creator
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Daily Suffragist.
Source
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<a href="https://twitter.com/DailySuffragist/status/1189596768578822149" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Original thread.</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
30/10/2019
15th Amendment
1870
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009ddcfe88748cce2d1a384af4933954
Dublin Core
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Title
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Centennial Twitter Collection
Subject
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2020 Centennial of Women's Suffrage Amendment
Creator
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Rachel B. Tiven
Source
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Twitter.com
Date
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August 2019 to August 2020
Language
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English
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Daily Suffragist
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<a href="https://twitter.com/DailySuffragist/status/1203499202724212741" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Original thread.</a>
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I spent the whole week on Anna Dickinson because she was very, very famous in her day and is almost lost to history. I know a lot about suffrage for a non-academic, and I had never heard her name before the @<a href="https://twitter.com/smithsoniannpg" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">smithsonianNPG</a> exhibit. In “America’s Joan of Arc,” her biographer Matt Gallman gave 3 reasons for her obscurity: <br /><br />*She alienated everybody. In the fight over the 15th Amdt she sided with those who accepted votes for Black men without women, angering ElizCadyStanton & Susan B. <a href="https://twitter.com/DailySuffragist/status/1185226957493067778?s=20" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">See mid-Oct threads for that conflict.</a><br />*She wasn’t a joiner. Her celebrity was so great that suffrage & temperance groups would have been happy to make her an officer. But she wasn’t interested - so she’s missing from the official record of the movement, written by those organizations. <br /><br />*Lastly, she died in obscurity. She was an alcoholic, and may have struggled with mental illness. Her sister Susan, who had managed her career for years, had her committed at age 49. Anna found the headlines humiliating: "Anna Dickinson Insane" blared the NY papers. <br /><br />Anna Dickinson died in 1932, a week shy of her 90th birthday, and was buried near her partner Sallie Ackley. Matt Gallman says she never voted. Of course, the primary reason we don’t know her name today is that she was a woman.
Title
A name given to the resource
Why you've never heard of Anna Dickinson
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
07/12/2019
15th Amendment
Anna Dickinson
AWSA
NAWSA
Racism
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8b6ce5a075dad12ac2b822d43c7a1210
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Centennial Twitter Collection
Subject
The topic of the resource
2020 Centennial of Women's Suffrage Amendment
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Rachel B. Tiven
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Twitter.com
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
August 2019 to August 2020
Language
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English
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Creator
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Daily Suffragist
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://twitter.com/DailySuffragist/status/1226870451483430912" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Original thread.</a>
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An account of the resource
.@<a href="https://twitter.com/Stephen_A_West" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Stephen_A_West</a> says we can celebrate the 15th Amdt sesquicentennial for two months, because that’s how long it took to shuffle the states into line for ratification. <br /><blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p lang="en" dir="ltr">Happy 150th birthday to the <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/15thAmendment?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#15thAmendment</a>!<br /><br />Feb. 3 is now recognized as its ratification date. But back in 1870, it wasn’t proclaimed part of the Constitution for another 8 weeks.<br /><br />Therein lies not a mere technicality, but an important truth about Reconstruction.<br /><br />So, a thread:</p>
— Stephen West (@Stephen_A_West) <a href="https://twitter.com/Stephen_A_West/status/1224354747223879682?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 3, 2020</a></blockquote>
<br />So let’s spend a little more time on what it said, and the pattern it set. <br /><br />The 15th Amendment says “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” <br /><br />The 19th Amendment - which was first drafted in 1870 in hope and belief that it would be the 16th Amendment - says “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex.” <br /><br />The 24th Amendment was added to the Constitution in 1964, before Congress passed the Voting Rights Act. It says: “The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay poll tax or other tax.” <br /><br />Note that the 24th Amendment only applies to federal elections. <br /><br />All of our voting amendments are negative commandments: they tell states what they CAN’T do, but they don’t affirmatively guarantee all citizens the right to vote. This wasn’t an accident - it reflects what was thought possible under the severe restrictions we must work within. <br /><br />Because the Constitution gave white men all the power, +extra to Southern white men, these restrictions on that power are the most we’ve been able to amend it. They haven’t been enough. <br /><br />Each amendment gives Congress the power to “enforce this article by appropriate legislation.” Congress did so after the 15th Amdt, but the Supreme Court nullified those laws. Life for African-Americans in the South reverted to slavery-like conditions for another hundred years. <br /><br />After the passage of the 19th Amendment, Congress did nothing. In 1920 Black women in Southern states should have been protected as new voters, but instead they got an equal share of nothing. Marking the centennial of the 19th & sesquicentennial of the 15th, we can see a pattern. <br /><br /><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/07/opinion/15th-amendment-voting-anniversary.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">In today’s op-ed on the 15th Amdt</a> @<a href="https://twitter.com/jessewegman" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">JesseWegman</a> describes the shortcomings of this pattern. It’s a good summary, though I disagree with his conclusion that “Today’s efforts to reduce voting are rooted more in partisanship than in race.” <br /><br />I appreciate that @jessewegman twice acknowledges that women were excluded from the 15th Amendment. My hope, though, is that we can all shift the language we use when we talk about women’s suffrage. <br /><br />Women didn’t “get” the right to vote. We didn’t “wait” for it. We worked and worked and worked and after the 19th Amdt we continued to work. <br /><br />The goal of @DailySuffragist is for people today to know how much work women did to win the vote and protect it. Nobody gave us anything.
Title
A name given to the resource
There is no right to vote
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
10/02/2020
15th Amendment
1870
Racism
Voting rights
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e259b7c00f0af99ffcb8dace912d9f43
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Centennial Twitter Collection
Subject
The topic of the resource
2020 Centennial of Women's Suffrage Amendment
Creator
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Rachel B. Tiven
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Twitter.com
Date
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August 2019 to August 2020
Language
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English
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Read the story of the 15th Amendment that could have been, via @<a href="https://twitter.com/Stephen_A_West" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Stephen_A_West</a> <br /><br />Alas, Rep. Julian's inclusive, affirmative-right-to-vote 15th Amdt isn't the one we have. His daughter Grace, a leading Indiana suffragist, fought for the 19th Amdt and lived to see it. @<a href="https://twitter.com/INSuffrage100" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">INSuffrage100</a><br /><blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p lang="en" dir="ltr"><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/otd?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#otd</a> in 1870, Rep. George Julian (R-Ind) introduced the 1st woman suffrage amendment to bear the eventual wording of the <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/19thAmendment?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#19thAmendment</a>, ratified only in 1920.<br /><br />That made Julian both 50 years ahead of his times—and behind where he’d been just 2 years before.<br /><br />A thread... <a href="https://t.co/mKEXsAFnvz">pic.twitter.com/mKEXsAFnvz</a></p>
— Stephen West (@Stephen_A_West) <a href="https://twitter.com/Stephen_A_West/status/1246452744581451783?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">April 4, 2020</a></blockquote>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Daily Suffragist
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://twitter.com/DailySuffragist/status/1246637958112907264" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Original thread.</a>
Title
A name given to the resource
What the 15th Amendment could have said
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
05/04/2020
15th Amendment
Indiana