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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Centennial Twitter Collection
Subject
The topic of the resource
2020 Centennial of Women's Suffrage Amendment
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Rachel B. Tiven
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Twitter.com
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
August 2019 to August 2020
Language
A language of the resource
English
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Daily Suffragist
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://twitter.com/DailySuffragist/status/1208829684227739648" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Original thread.</a>
Description
An account of the resource
A woman who wanted to be a doctor in the 1850’s more or less needed to start her own medical school. When Elizabeth Blackwell applied in 1847, she was turned down everywhere. Harvard, Yale, Bowdoin, and every medical school in New York City and Philadelphia refused her. Thread. <br /><br />Blackwell was overjoyed when Geneva College in western NY accepted her. When she arrived she learned that the student body had been invited to vote on her admission. The men had voted yes as a joke. They were sure the application was a prank by a rival school.<br /><br />Blackwell graduated after two lonely, hostile years: the first woman to graduate from a formal medical school in the US. The year she graduated, Clemence Lozier applied to the school in Geneva, but they refused to admit another woman. <br /><br />Lozier, the youngest of 13 children, prepared for medical school by reading textbooks lent by her older brother. After Eliz. Blackwell’s medical school turned her down, Lozier managed to convince Central Medical College in Rochester and later Syracuse Medical College to take her. Lozier graduated in 1853 with highest honors.<br /><br />Both Dr. Lozier & Dr. Blackwell were practicing in New York City in the 1850s. They must have known each other. Blackwell struggled through the 1850’s - in part because “female physician†was assumed to be a euphemism for abortionist. <br /><br />Lozier had more success than Blackwell in those years. Lozier’s son - her only surviving child of 7 births - said she made as much as $25,000/year in the 1860’s as a surgeon and OB/GYN. She used her income to support the medical school she founded & the women’s suffrage movement. Lozier founded the New York Medical College & Hospital for Women, a homeopathic school, after a bitter fight with the state legislature. <br /><br />Elizabeth Cady Stanton lobbied hard for the school, and it opened in 1863, the first women’s medical college in the state. In Boston, the New England Female Medical College was founded in 1848 by men who thought it unseemly that male doctors should attend births, and sought to train women instead. [The long history of midwives v. MDs is a topic for another day.] <br /><br />Rebecca Lee Crumpler was the first African-American woman to graduate from medical school in the US, from the New England College in 1864. During Reconstruction she moved to Richmond to work for the Freedmen’s Bureau. No authenticated image of Dr. Crumpler exists. In Virginia Dr. Crumpler was denied hospital privileges, snubbed and disparaged by other doctors, and pharmacists refused to fill her prescriptions. Yet she served freed people ably. She returned to Boston, and later in her successful career she published a medical textbook. <br /><br />Meanwhile in New York, Blackwell and Lozier continued to expand the field. Dr. Blackwell opened a rigorous medical school in 1868, a part of her hospital. It began with entrance exams, which weren’t yet required, and ended with board exams - to prove women were qualified. <br /><br />Lozier was a powerful suffragist, and for 13 years the president of the NYC chapter of the National Woman Suffrage Assoc. Her own petition 👇 to Congress “for relief from political disabilities†- a form NWSA encouraged women to submit, along with signing a collective petition. <br /><br />Lozier’s school was absorbed into New York Medical College in 1918, having graduated 200+ women. Blackwell’s school trained women--better than men--for 30 years, until merging with Cornell in 1899. By the end of the 19th c., the first women doctors had trained hundreds more.  Â
Title
A name given to the resource
Dr. Blackwell, Dr. Lozier, Dr. Crumpler
Relation
A related resource
For more on Dr. Crumpler: <br /><br /><iframe width="100%" height="232" frameborder="0"></iframe>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
22/12/2019
1847
Clemence Lozier
Doctors
Higher education
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Centennial Twitter Collection
Subject
The topic of the resource
2020 Centennial of Women's Suffrage Amendment
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Rachel B. Tiven
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Twitter.com
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
August 2019 to August 2020
Language
A language of the resource
English
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Daily Suffragist
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://twitter.com/DailySuffragist/status/1215487911136825347" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Original thread.</a>
Description
An account of the resource
Memphis in the 1880s was still rebuilding from the war and the yellow fever epidemics. It wasn’t a very big place. The two women discussed yesterday - Julia Hooks & Elizabeth Meriwether - were each elites in their own circles. Did they ever meet? I doubt it. But who knows? <br /><br />Hooks and Meriwether both had sisters, or sisters-in-law, who were also accomplished notables as well as devoted suffragists. Covering Julia’s sister Dr. Mary E Britton today; Elizabeth’s sister-in-law Lide Smith Meriwether tomorrow. <br /><br />Mary Britton and her older sister Julia were born into a free family of color in Lexington KY in the 1850s. All the children got a classical education. Julia’s musical talent was apparent early, and in 1869 the family moved 40 miles to Berea so the girls could go to college. (One more note about Julia: she is listed as faculty at Berea College in 1871-72, making her the first AA to teach white students in KY. She must have been supremely talented.) Tragically, both parents died as Mary was about to graduate, leaving 4 or 5 younger children. <br /><br />Mary became a teacher, the first of her 3 careers & one source of evidence of her suffrage activity. An active member of the KY State Assoc of Colored Teachers, Mary spoke about women’s suffrage at the Assoc’s 9th annual convention in 1887. <br /><br />Her speech was reprinted on the front page of the American Catholic Tribune, a respected Black-run newspaper. Mary begins by saying she wishes she could recant her earlier disinterest in women’s rights! “From my early youth I was a strong advocate of human rights...not women’s rights.” She goes on to make the case: disputing bad theology, decrying taxation without representation, and quoting famous male suffragists like Frederick Douglass & Henry Ward Beecher. <br /><br />While teaching school, Mary Britton also became well-known as a journalist, writing for both mainstream and Black newspapers. She published a regular column in the Lexington Herald under the pen name “Meb” in which she advocated for reform of all kinds. <br /><br />She and Ida B Wells met and became friends when Ida visited Kentucky for a meeting of the National Colored Press Assoc. They had a lot in common: as politicized Black women journalists, as teachers, and having both been orphaned as teenagers with younger siblings in need of care. <br /><br />Mary had a third career as a doctor. She attended American Medical Missionary College, run by the 7th Day Adventists in Battle Creek MI & Chicago. She returned to Lexington & built a respected practice. She was active in state & national professional associations. <br /><br />One final story of Mary E Britton’s activism: the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago was known as the “White City” for its decor and its racist policies. Mary decided to prove the point by seeking admission to the Kentucky pavilion. She was rudely rebuffed. <br /><br />A reporter for the Indianapolis Freeman saw and described it as a humiliating indignity. Hers is the only documented refusal of entry at the Fair. Thanks to Dr. Karen C. McDaniel who found <a href="https://networks.h-net.org/system/files/contributed-files/maryellenbritton-griotarticlebymcdaniel2013.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">these wonderful sources</a>: #BlackSuffragists #Suffrage100
Title
A name given to the resource
Julia's sister, Dr. Mary Britton
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
09/01/2020
1887
Black Suffragists
Chicago World's Fair
Doctors
Higher education
Julia Hooks
Mary Britton
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Centennial Twitter Collection
Subject
The topic of the resource
2020 Centennial of Women's Suffrage Amendment
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Rachel B. Tiven
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Twitter.com
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
August 2019 to August 2020
Language
A language of the resource
English
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Daily Suffragist
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://twitter.com/DailySuffragist/status/1234114119797821441" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Original thread.</a>
Description
An account of the resource
<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/13/obituaries/anne-firor-scott-dead.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Anne Firor Scott</a> died last year, having expanded the history of what she called "one half the people." 👇"In 1961 the history department at Duke found itself with an opening and invited her to fill it 'until we can find somebody.'"Â
Title
A name given to the resource
Women in academia
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
01/03/2020
Higher education
-
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4cb40a49c7247d753cc17e3297c83b4d
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Centennial Twitter Collection
Subject
The topic of the resource
2020 Centennial of Women's Suffrage Amendment
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Rachel B. Tiven
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Twitter.com
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
August 2019 to August 2020
Language
A language of the resource
English
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Description
An account of the resource
In the 1830s, 1840s, 1850s, 1860s, 1870s, and 1880s, women’s rights was a marginal, oddball cause. Focusing on the mesmerizing women who demanded equality makes it jarring to zoom out & see how fringe they were. A college commemoration reminded me. Thread. @<a href="https://twitter.com/Cornell" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Cornell</a> students,1883 <br /><br />Cornell’s Library created <a href="https://rmc.library.cornell.edu/suffrage/exhibition/introduction/index.html#modalClosed" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">an elegant website</a> in 2017 to commemorate the New York state centennial. There's some beautiful stuff, but the material from students reminded me just how weird and counter-cultural suffrage was for most of the 19th century. <br /><br />Cornell was unusual in admitting women from the beginning - in theory, women of all races, though another @<a href="https://twitter.com/CornellRMC" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">CornellRMC</a> exhibition describes <a href="https://rmc.library.cornell.edu/earlyblackwomen/introduction/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">a belated, stingy welcome</a> for Jane Eleanor Datcher, class of 1890, and the handful of Black women after her. <br /><br />Women of all colors were a minority on campus until 2011, so maybe the antipathy of early students toward suffrage shouldn’t be a surprise. In 1880, in a graduating class of 71 men and 9 women, only 20 people expressed support - including 6 of the women. <br /><br />The exhibit curators went looking for records of women students in support, and found little. “[S]tudent suffrage groups left no records, and women rarely noted suffrage activities in yearbook entries.” All they could find were a few tepid references in letters home. <br /><br />When Lillie Devereux Blake came to Ithaca to speak in 1881, a female student wrote to her parents: “it is too near examinations to attend and aside from that I should be most afraid to go for fear the [men] students will make some fuss.” <br /><br />When New York debated a (losing) suffrage amendment in 1894, 300 signatures in support came from students and faculty of Cornell, which then had an enrollment of nearly 2,000. Interest increased after the turn of the century; by 1902 a Political Equality Club had formed. <br /><br />Nora Blatch, daughter of Harriot Stanton Blatch, granddaughter of ElizCadyStanton, graduated in 1905. She was the first US woman to get a degree in civil engineering, and the President of said club, natch.<br /><br />Things picked up after that, on campus and among locals. <br /><br />The 1915 (losing) referendum was bigger news in town than the 1894 attempt. Visit the site for more; it's great. <br /><br />This isn’t to say no one cared before 1900 - at Cornell and other universities, and in women’s clubs and in churches and synagogues and on factory floors. Of course some cared - that’s how we persevered so long. But the reminder that suffrage wasn’t popular in the 19th century - even among the women privileged, smart, and brave enough to go to college - offers a little perspective. #Suffrage100 #CenturyofStruggle May 29, 2020
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Daily Suffragist
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://twitter.com/DailySuffragist/status/1266171894270775296" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Original thread.</a>
Title
A name given to the resource
So fringe a cause, for so long
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
28/05/2020
1881
Higher education
New York
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Centennial Twitter Collection
Subject
The topic of the resource
2020 Centennial of Women's Suffrage Amendment
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Rachel B. Tiven
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Twitter.com
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
August 2019 to August 2020
Language
A language of the resource
English
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Description
An account of the resource
Second & third generation suffragists had much more access to formal education than the women who came before them. Anna Julia Cooper, Mary Church Terrell, and Ida Gibbs Hunt graduated from @<a href="https://twitter.com/oberlincollege" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">oberlincollege</a> in 1884. 🧵 <br /><br />They weren’t the first Black women at Oberlin - Mary Jane Patterson 👇ðŸ¾graduated in 1862. Oberlin was founded by abolitionists in 1833; by the 1880s 5-6% of students were African American. <br /><br />Anna Julia Cooper fought to study with men at Oberlin, not segregated into a “ladies’ course.†She won, and graduated with a master's in math. 40 years later she earned her PhD at the University of Paris. She was 66. <br /><br />Lucy Stone was one of the only women in the founding suffragist generation to go to college; she graduated from Oberlin in 1847. She didn’t leave with fond feelings, though. See 👇🾠<br /><br />Stone was younger than Lucretia Mott, a grandmother of the movement. When she was born in 1793, a university education was out of the question for a girl. In 1864 Mott helped start @<a href="https://twitter.com/swarthmore" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">swarthmore</a>. Alice Paul graduated Swarthmore class of 1905. Suffragist Mabel Vernon was '06. <br /><br />Alice went on to the London School of Economics, but dropped her courses to train with UK suffragettes. After imprisonment & force-feeding, she came home to recuperate. Her idea of rest was a PhD at @<a href="https://twitter.com/Penn" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Penn</a>. Her dissertation was “The Legal Position of Women in Pennsylvania.†<br /><br />In 2004 Swarthmore students voted to name a new dorm Alice Paul Hall. In 2018 Oberlin named its main library in honor of Mary Church Terrell. @<a href="https://twitter.com/ObieLib" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">obielib</a> I couldn’t find anything significant named for Anna Julia Cooper, Ida Gibbs-Hunt or Lucy Stone. #Suffrage100 #BlackSuffragists
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Daily Suffragist
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://twitter.com/DailySuffragist/status/1276319926639362053" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Original thread.</a>
Title
A name given to the resource
Higher ed.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
25/07/2020
Relation
A related resource
<a href="https://dailysuffragist.omeka.net/items/show/152" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">More Lucy Stone</a>
1864
1884
1905
Alice Paul
Black Suffragists
Higher education
Lucretia Mott
Lucy Stone
Mary Church Terrell
Oberlin