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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Centennial Twitter Collection
Subject
The topic of the resource
2020 Centennial of Women's Suffrage Amendment
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Rachel B. Tiven
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Twitter.com
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
August 2019 to August 2020
Language
A language of the resource
English
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mary Grew & Margaret Burleigh
Description
An account of the resource
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Mary Grew, abolitionist leader & newspaper editor. Her work was respected by all the men in the movement—except her own father. Mary >> back row with fellow members of the Penn. AntiSlavery Society. Margaret Burleigh, her partner of 40 years, is in front. They were known as the “Burleigh-Grews.” Thread.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Mary Grew & her father Henry sailed for England to attend the World AntiSlavery Convention. They were both delegates—but when Mary & the other women were denied their seats, her father didn’t protest. The opposite: he said seating women wd violate “the ordinance of Almighty God!”</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">We don’t know what Mary thought of her father, whose wealth gave her the freedom not to marry.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Mary was an officer of both the Female AntiSlavery Society and the co-ed Pennsylvania AntiSlavery Society. She edited the <em>Pennsylvania Freeman</em>, the abolitionist newspaper. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">When the <em>Freeman</em> merged with the <em>National Anti-Slavery Standard</em>, Mary wrote for the <em>National</em> as a Philadelphia correspondent. She also wrote the Female AntiSlavery Society’s annual report every year, concluding in 1870 with a retrospective on 35 years of work.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">From her earliest years as an abolitionist, Mary demanded radical and immediate change. In 1838 she spoke at the American Women’s AntiSlavery Convention the day before their meeting hall was torched. Mary made a controversial resolution to cut off churches that condoned slavery.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">“RESOLVED That it is our duty to keep ourselves separate from those churches which receive to their pulpits and their communion tables those who buy, sell, or hold as property, the image of the living God.” <br /><br />It passed narrowly. Yrs later the larger movement took the same position.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Abolitionists were trying to convince white Northerners that slavery was evil. In this work, Mary had much to offer. She was a good writer, a clear and compelling speaker, and willing to go door to door to collect signatures, even when Congress refused to accept them. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">SIDEBAR: Did you know there was a Gag Rule in the 19th century? Abolitionists submitted so many petitions that the House of Representatives voted to table them automatically. Like the contemporary Gag Rule, this affected women most, as petitioning was their only political voice.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Mary Grew believed in racial equality in the north, not just freedom from enslavement in the south. When Frances Watkins Harper critiqued the women’s rights movement for ignoring streetcar segregation in Philadelphia, Mary listened. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Mary lambasted local white clergy:</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">“Eager, zealous, prompt to do battle against the running of our city cars on Sunday, they have scarcely been disturbed by this wicked and cruel practice of excluding their fellow citizens and fellow Christians from those cars on account of their complexion.”</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Mary was always a feminist, though she wasn’t at Seneca Falls in 1848. That convention, sparked by the discrimination Mary Grew and Lucretia Mott experienced in London, was called on short notice when Mott was visiting western NY from Philadelphia. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">But the same year, Mary lobbied the Pennsylvania legislature to pass the married women’s property act. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">After the war, with ratification of the 15th Amdt imminent, Mary turned more attention to women’s suffrage. She was the founding president of the Pennsylvania Woman Suffrage Association, and its head for 23 years.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">She was exasperated with those who demanded justification for women voting. “What is woman going to do with the ballot? I don’t know; I don’t care; and it is of no consequence. Their right to the ballot does not rest on the way in which they vote.” (1871, quoted in HWS)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">When she died in 1896, her obituary observed: “Her biography would be a history of all reforms in Pennsylvania for fifty years.”</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">What about Margaret??</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">From the time they were in their 30s, Mary Grew and Margaret Jones did everything together. Abolition was the center of their lives, but they also took trips to the seashore. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Their circle included Mary’s co-editor on the newspaper, Cyrus M. Burleigh. In 1855, when he was dying of tuberculosis, Margaret married him.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Cyrus died a month later. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Margaret settled his affairs and she and Mary set off on a tour of New England. Six months later they were signing their letters “Mary & Margaret.” They lived together the rest of their lives.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Did they have sex? They may have; it’s not a new invention. We know they were a devoted couple for 40 years. When Margaret died, Mary received condolences like a widow. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">When Mary died five years later, a eulogy described their connection as akin to husband and wife: “They had grown like two noble trees, side by side from youth to age, with roots so interlaced that when the one was uptorn the other could never take quite the same hold on life again.” </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Mary Grew’s only fault, said the eulogist, was her intolerance of people not committed to justice.</span></p>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Daily Suffragist
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://twitter.com/DailySuffragist/status/1355687363960332293" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Original thread</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
January 30, 2021
abolitionists
Frances Ellen Watkins Harper
LGBT
Philadelphia
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e2b7ef119540bf7c496319d11c0c5353
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Centennial Twitter Collection
Subject
The topic of the resource
2020 Centennial of Women's Suffrage Amendment
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Rachel B. Tiven
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Twitter.com
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
August 2019 to August 2020
Language
A language of the resource
English
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Sarah Pugh
Description
An account of the resource
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">This is the Pennsylvania AntiSlavery Society in 1851. You might recognize Lucretia Mott, front row in the bonnet between her husband James and Robert Purvis. But who are the other women? And why is this building on fire? Long thread.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">The four other women in this picture had politics as radical as Lucretia Mott’s — and their personal lives were even more unusual. Today, meet Sarah Pugh. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Sarah Pugh was 35 years old when she heard British abolitionist George Thompson speak and was converted to the cause. Until then she had spent her life teaching; by 1829 she ran a Quaker school with two close friends, Rachel Peirce and Sarah Lewis. Lewis joined her in the cause and they soon devoted themselves to running the newly-formed Philadelphia Female AntiSlavery Society. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">In 1837 Pugh traveled to New York City for the first American Women’s AntiSlavery Convention. The next year she wouldn’t sail for New York - that’s right, sail - as Philadelphia would host the convention. It was to be held at the brand new Pennsylvania Hall, built by the community. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">They needed to build a building. You see, no one in town would rent abolitionists space to meet. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">So white abolitionists and free people of color bought $20 shares - 2,000 shares in all - and they built their own building. In addition to a lecture hall, it had meeting rooms, galleries, and a bookstore.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">The building lasted four days.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Its first big event was the second annual American Women’s AntiSlavery Convention. </span><span style="font-weight:400;">As the women spoke, a mob surrounded the building and threw rocks at the windows. </span><span style="font-weight:400;">Later that night, the crowd overran the building and set it on fire. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">What upset them so much?</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Black and white women and men mingling, women speaking in front of an integrated, co-ed crowd, demanding the immediate abolition of slavery...all of it. Especially the mixed seating, and that Black and white attendees had exited the hall arm-in-arm. (Otherwise the Black attendees would have been lynched.) </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">The fire department didn’t try to save the building, which was damaged beyond repair. In the investigation that followed, the city blamed the abolitionists. They inflamed the mob by “advocating doctrines repulsive to the moral sense of a large majority of our community.” </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">The Convention continued the next day. </span><span style="font-weight:400;">They reconvened in Sarah Pugh’s schoolhouse. </span><span style="font-weight:400;">And the following year they made a point to hold the convention in Philadelphia again.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">The Philadelphia Female AntiSlavery Soc. was integrated from the beginning - Black women like Sarah Mapps Douglass and the Forten and Purvis women were among its founders, and at least 10% of its members. But no Black woman was invited to join the deliberately co-ed delegation to the World AntiSlavery Convention in London.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Sarah Pugh was, though, along with Lucretia Mott and several others.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">When they arrived in London the women were warmly welcomed with teas and other social events, but they weren’t welcome to be delegates at the convention. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Sarah Pugh wrote the letter of protest. “While as individuals [the women] return thanks for these favors...as delegates from the bodies appointing them they deeply regret to learn” they will be excluded from acting as “coequals in the advocacy of Universal Liberty.”</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Elizabeth Cady Stanton wasn’t a delegate, but her husband was. Witnessing the insult to Mott and the other women made a lasting impression on Cady Stanton. Eight years later she and Mott would convene a small women’s rights meeting in Seneca Falls, New York.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Sarah Pugh supported the developing women’s rights movement, but devoted herself to ending slavery. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">In abolition Pugh was a doer, not a strategist. She chaired meetings, gathered signatures, and organized the annual craft fairs that funded the movement for 25 years.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">She was a witness to history. When Pugh first met Frederick Douglass, he was 24 years old. She met Harriet Jacobs shortly after Lydia Maria Child published Jacobs’ Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">In 1855, Pugh and Lucretia Mott acted as bodyguards for <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/courageous-tale-jane-johnson-who-risked-her-freedom-testify-those-who-helped-her-escape-180976302/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Jane Johnson</a>. They surrounded Johnson as she risked her freedom to appear in court after her sensational escape from her enslaver.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">After the war Pugh embraced women’s suffrage, though the post-War conflict among suffragists pained her. She tried to stay on good terms with everyone, but privately preferred the daring of the National Woman Suffrage Assoc. to the caution of the American. She signed the National’s 1876 centennial protest Articles of Impeachment.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">She doted on Lucretia Mott in the last years of Mott’s life, helping her attend her final women’s rights conference to celebrate the 30th anniversary of Seneca Falls. But Pugh didn’t envy Mott’s husband and many children.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Instead, Pugh created an intentional household of women. She and Sarah Lewis lived together for decades. From 1856-64, Abby Kimber and two other women joined them to form “a pleasant home” on Green Street. The Pennsylvania AntiSlavery Society executive committee met in their parlor.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Pugh was particularly close to Abby Kimber, another member of the 1840 delegation to London. Here, in the photo. >>> They toured freedmen’s schools together after the war. They are buried in the same plot at Fair Hill Burial Ground. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Sarah Pugh’s diaries, excerpted after her death in an admiring book published by her cousins, are a portrait of a wholly independent person. Each year on her birthday she would reflect on the status of her faith, her intellectual life, and what she had accomplished in the world. At a time when almost all women married, Pugh made an unapologetically autonomous life. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">/End</span></p>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Daily Suffragist
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://twitter.com/DailySuffragist/status/1353575701492985856" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Original thread</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
January 25, 2021
abolitionists
Lucretia Mott
Philadelphia
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Centennial Twitter Collection
Subject
The topic of the resource
2020 Centennial of Women's Suffrage Amendment
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Rachel B. Tiven
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Twitter.com
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
August 2019 to August 2020
Language
A language of the resource
English
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Charity Castle and Laura Tucker
Description
An account of the resource
I can’t stop thinking about this girl. Her gorgeous smile, her presence in front of the camera. The photo was taken sometime in the 1860s. @amhistorymuseum shared it on Instagram a few days ago, and I keep coming back to it. Long thread.<br /><br />We don’t know her name, because she was invisible to the people who paid for the sitting on Chestnut Street in Philadelphia, and distributed copies of the portrait to friends and family. We know the baby’s name, and her age - to the day. Looking at her, wondering how her life turned out, made me think of a different young woman who found herself in Philadelphia about 50 years before. Maybe she too walked down Chestnut Street with a child in her care. <br /><br />It was 1814, and Charity Castle was doing everything she could to stay in Pennsylvania. She was enslaved in Maryland in the home of Charles Caroll Jr. and his wife, Harriet. Charles was a violent alcoholic, and Harriet finally had enough. She took the kids and left him, back to her family estates in Philadelphia. She brought along Charity & 7 other enslaved people. <br /><br />Pennsylvania had abolished slavery gradually, beginning during the Revolutionary War. Freedom was not automatic upon arrival in the state. After six months, though, an enslaved person was free under state law. Charity knew this - maybe every enslaved person in Maryland did. Every enslaver certainly knew it. <br /><br />Five months after arriving in Philadelphia, Harriet Chew Carroll makes plans to send Charity back to Maryland before the deadline. But Charity refuses - vehemently. She says she would rather be sold than go back to the Carroll estate in Maryland. <br /><br />Pressed to explain, Charity tells Harriet - seemingly in pretty blunt terms - that Charles Carroll Jr. raped her. Harriet’s brother Benjamin Chew sees how distraught Harriet is...on her own behalf. So he jumps in to try and get Charity out of Philadelphia and back to Maryland. <br /><br />The night before she is to be sent back, Charity is seriously injured. She falls (or jumps) from a wood pile. She’s found bleeding profusely, and probably has a punctured lung. Much correspondence ensues about whether she can be returned to Maryland before six months have passed. <br /><br />Marvelously, she recovers. By that time, she’s spent more than six months in Pennsylvania - and connected with attorney William Lewis. He’s a leader of the Pa. Abolitionist Society - and a drafter of the state’s abolition law. He provides a written opinion that she is now free. <br /><br />Harriet’s brother & father-in-law argue that because Charity remained in the state only because of the accident, it shouldn’t count. Attorney Lewis responds curtly: “accident made her a slave, accident has made her free, and it seems right that she should avail herself of it.â€Â <br /><br />BTW, Harriet’s father-in-law Charles Carroll was a former Senator, and a signer of the Declaration of Independence. <br /><br />For months, the men in the family keep insisting that Charity is their property. Charles Jr, the rapist, sends his father a ranty letter in which he says that while he could sue, “A Law Suit would probably be attended with many circumstances afflicting to my Wife and Children.â€Â <br /><br />There’s no satisfying conclusion. We don’t know for sure whether Charity is ever free. We know that she had a husband who was in contact with attorney William Lewis. For now, the trail ends there. Like the unnamed girl in the photograph, we can only wonder and hope for her. <br /><br />We do know one ending, though: we know the choice Harriet Chew Carroll makes. When Harriet is asked what SHE thinks, she literally refuses to answer. She begs her brother to respond for her. He does, in her voice, to say that the whole matter is entirely up to her husband. <br /><br />Harriet, who was strong enough to leave her abuser, refuses to help another woman he has attacked. Refuses, to the very end, to utter one word on her behalf. (There are portraits of everyone in this story except Charity, so I'm not including any of them.) <br /><br />I first heard Charity’s story on the podcast Amended, where @marthasjones_ tells it to illustrate the deep roots of white women’s disloyalty and failed sisterhood. <a href="https://humanitiesny.org/amended-episode-2-any-woman/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">It’s a must-hear.</a> <br /><br />***<br /><br />Laura. Her name is Laura Tucker. Thanks to @JasonPetrulis for finding her, and building <a href="https://twitter.com/JasonPetrulis/status/1317036846220668928" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">this fascinating thread</a>👉
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Daily Suffragist
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://twitter.com/DailySuffragist/status/1316936268584988673" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Original thread</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Oct 15, 2020
abolitionists
Philadelphia
Racism
Slavery
-
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5f6141e426a504dcee4f9db445328de3
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Centennial Twitter Collection
Subject
The topic of the resource
2020 Centennial of Women's Suffrage Amendment
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Rachel B. Tiven
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Twitter.com
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
August 2019 to August 2020
Language
A language of the resource
English
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Description
An account of the resource
Direct action strategies almost always start with a modest gesture, which is pilloried as inappropriate and impolite. Once activists escalate to more disruptive tactics, the earlier strategy is lionized as “the right way to protest.” Strategy thread. <br /><br />More than a year before suffragists began picketing the White House, they tried getting President Wilson’s attention by asking for an appointment. Wilson was planning a public appearance in Philadelphia - at the swearing-in of 4,000 new citizens on May 10, 1915. <br /><br />Alice Paul wanted him to feel suffragists’ presence everywhere he went, so she sent two emissaries: Dora Lewis and Anna Lowenburg to the White House to ask Wilson to meet with suffragists while in Philly. Dora Lewis was 20 years Alice’s senior and one of her closest confidantes. <br /><br />From an established Philadelphia family, Dora Lewis had raised 4 young children after her husband was killed in a train accident. She was a longtime suffragist, active in NAWSA before shifting her allegiance completely to <br /><br />Anna Lowenburg was a good partner for this mission: an officer of the Penn. Woman Suffrage Assoc, she had hiked to Washington with Rosalie Jones’ pilgrims in 1913, and then served as PA’s chief marshal in the pre-Inauguration march. She was also an immigrant, a Jew from Russia. <br /><br />Lewis & Lowenburg were appropriate spokespeople for the women of Phila.; Lowenburg even more as a naturalized citizen. They wanted to know why the men whose naturalization Wilson celebrated would become voters, but no woman - native born or naturalized - would have the chance. <br /><br />They spent three days at the White House waiting for a moment with the President. (Calling on POTUS in-person wasn’t unheard of then.) Wilson ignored them. Wilson's secretary, a man sympathetic to the suffragists, later apologized to Dora Lewis for the inconvenience. <br /><br />The President couldn't see the suffragists because he was “necessarily engaged in matters which seemed to be of consequence to the whole world.” Expecting that Lewis & Lowenburg would be snubbed, Lucy arranged for newsreel photographers to meet them outside the White House. <br /><br />Mainstream suffragists derided these tactics: Anna Howard Shaw criticized the women for “heckling” the president. To NAWSA leaders like Shaw & Carrie Chapman Catt, everything Alice Paul & Lucy Burns did smacked of the aggressive tactics they had learned in England. <br /><br />The press adopted NAWSA’s tone and reported on a “siege” of the White House. Wilson was so irritated by two white women sitting in his antechamber that he got the newsreel men to scrap the footage. <br /><br />In the end, world events overtook the story. Two days before the Philadelphia event, a German submarine torpedoed the ocean liner Lusitania off the coast of Ireland. It sank in 18 minutes, killing 1,200 civilians, 128 of them American. <br /><br /><iframe width="1518" height="533" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/IIVHiAizhgI" frameborder="0"></iframe><br /><br />Alice and Lucy, who had been debating whether to try and corner Wilson in Philadelphia, took the public’s temperature and decided to pull back. “[I]t does not seem the moment or place to start any more aggressive tactics,” Alice wrote Lucy on May 10. “¼ of those [Americans] lost on the Lusitania were Philadelphians and the city seems to be thinking of nothing else.” #Suffrage100 #19thAmendment
Title
A name given to the resource
Getting the President's Attention
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Daily Suffragist
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://twitter.com/DailySuffragist/status/1290469645158318085" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Original thread.</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
03/08/2020
1915
Alice Paul
Anna Lowneburg
contemporary relevance
Dora Lewis
Philadelphia
Woodrow Wilson