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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Centennial Twitter Collection
Subject
The topic of the resource
2020 Centennial of Women's Suffrage Amendment
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Rachel B. Tiven
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Twitter.com
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
August 2019 to August 2020
Language
A language of the resource
English
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Suffragents
Description
An account of the resource
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Have you heard the story of the young legislator who was the hero of Tennessee’s ratification of the 19th Amendment?</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">I’m not talking about Harry Burn.<br /></span><span style="font-weight:400;"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Harry Burn has gotten way more ink than he’s due. He was a young member of the Tenn. Assembly who was noncommittal about suffrage. At the last minute he cast a pivotal vote in favor of ratification, crediting a letter from his mother that said “be a good boy and help Mrs. Catt.”</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Changing your mind when you realize you are on the wrong side of history is a marvelous thing -- that’s the value of telling Harry Burn’s story. But if you are looking for a male hero of the Tennessee ratification fight, meet “suffragent” Joe Hanover.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Men who supported women’s voting rights were known playfully as suffragents. This sounded clever when men were called “gents.” Today it reads as though they were women’s agents -- which of course they were, as no women could vote on suffrage bills. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">During Tennessee’s month-long battle to become the state to ratify the 19th Amendment, Joe Hanover was the second-youngest member of the state’s General Assembly. (Harry Burn was youngest.)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">He was one of two Jews in the all-white, all-male legislature, and an immigrant. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Joe was about 11 when his family immigrated from Poland. The story goes that when learning about American democracy with his parents, he asked: “Why can’t Mother vote?” He became a talented lawyer, and won a seat in the Assembly representing Memphis.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">When suffragists needed a capable floor whip for the ratification fight, Hanover stepped up. There were plenty of rotten men in the House, including the Speaker, who had double-crossed suffragists at the last minute. The vote was going to be very, very close. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Hanover spent weeks corralling reluctant legislators, calling in favors, and fighting off entrapment and bribery. He got death threats and antisemitic slurs, and the governor assigned him a state trooper as a bodyguard. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">When a pro-suffrage legislator left Nashville because his wife was ill, Hanover found a wealthy supporter to charter a return train. But to no avail - going into the final vote, on August 18, 1920, Hanover knew they were two votes short. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Every member of the General Assembly knew that the ratification of the 19th Amendment hung in the balance. Everyone in Tennessee and around the nation knew it.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Two men changed their votes that day: first Harry Burn, and then - with the vote tied 48 to 48 - a member from western Tennessee named Banks Turner spoke up at the very last moment to vote “aye.” Suffrage had passed.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Elaine Weiss @efweiss5 describes the scene: “The chamber shook with screams and cries, with thumping and whooping...There was weeping among both men and women. Joe Hanover was mobbed like the winning pitcher of a ball game.” </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">The story of Harry Burn’s last minute change of heart has been celebrated ad nauseum. @gailcollins is particularly fond of him. Making Burn the hero of ratification obscures the work of the women in TN and elsewhere whose accomplishment it really was. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">But if you’re looking for a gent who worked hard and truly delivered for women, try Joe Hanover.<br /></span></p>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Daily Suffragist
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://twitter.com/DailySuffragist/status/1429599590798462981" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Original thread</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
August 22, 2021 - Happy birthday, Seth
Jews
Men
Tennessee
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Centennial Twitter Collection
Subject
The topic of the resource
2020 Centennial of Women's Suffrage Amendment
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Rachel B. Tiven
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Twitter.com
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
August 2019 to August 2020
Language
A language of the resource
English
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
It ain't over till it's over
Description
An account of the resource
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">When exactly is the 19th Amendment anniversary? Was it ratified on August 18 or August 26? What’s the difference? Which should we observe? </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Read on for answers.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">The 19th Amendment cleared Congress in June 1919, 41 years after it was introduced. This image of Justice embracing “American Womanhood” -- captioned “At Last” -- ran on the cover of The Suffragist magazine that month.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">State ratifications poured in. Illinois, Michigan & Wisconsin competed to be First to Ratify. (Wisconsin won.) But a year later, with a Presidential election months away, women were one state shy of 36. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Seven states had already voted no: Maryland, Virginia, South Carolina, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Mississippi. North Carolina & Florida were unreachable. (Southern states don’t want everybody to vote.) That left 4 states in play: Vermont, Connecticut, Delaware & Tennessee. But one by one they fell away:</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">*Vermont. The legislature voted to ratify--but the Governor </span><span style="font-weight:400;">> </span><span style="font-weight:400;">vetoed it. Then he blocked an override of his veto by refusing to call a special session. “Nothing can give us that state except the death of the governor,” said Carrie Chapman Catt. “And we haven’t come to murder yet.”</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">*Connecticut. Same story: legislators were in favor, but the Governor refused to call them into session, insisting it wasn’t an “emergency.” (Months later, when Conn.’s approval was superfluous, he realized women were actually going to vote. He called an emergency session to ratify.)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">*Delaware. A particularly painful loss because suffragists expected to win. Local activists, especially poet Alice Dunbar-Nelson leading 9,000 Black women, lobbied and demonstrated all spring. Delaware’s Senate voted in favor, but the House refused to bring the bill to the floor.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">So it all came down to Tennessee. Tennessee? Women lost in Delaware, were stonewalled in Vermont and Connecticut, and their political fate hung on Tennessee? If you’d been around then, you wouldn’t have put money on it.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Elaine Weiss’ book The Woman’s Hour recounts suffragists’ relentless effort in the face of bribery, double-crossing, and most of all, racism. I recommend it highly. She also makes a persuasive case for observing the anniversary on Aug 26, not the 18th.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">On Aug 18th, the Tenn. legislature voted for suffrage by a 1-vote margin. Anti-suffragists went to court to block it and nearly succeeded. A 3-day window for reconsideration also imperiled the win. Rallies around the state, backed by the KKK, called for the vote to be rescinded.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">It was dicey, but local leaders and the army of national suffragists who had spent August in Nashville remained vigilant. Not until August 24 did the Governor of Tennessee sign the ratification certificate. >> The document reached Washington two days later. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Bottom line? It ain’t over till it’s over. The Tennessee win on August 18 was tenuous, and the days that followed were fraught. Not until August 26 was the 19th Amendment added to the Constitution. That’s why it’s #WomensEqualityDay and the amendment’s birthday.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">#Suffrage101</span></p>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Daily Suffragist
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://twitter.com/DailySuffragist/status/1427838333703663618" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Original thread</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
August 17, 2021
Black Suffragists
Congress
Tennessee
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Centennial Twitter Collection
Subject
The topic of the resource
2020 Centennial of Women's Suffrage Amendment
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Rachel B. Tiven
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Twitter.com
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
August 2019 to August 2020
Language
A language of the resource
English
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Daily Suffragist
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://twitter.com/DailySuffragist/status/1215748761995108353" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Original thread.</a>
Description
An account of the resource
Remember Elizabeth Meriwether, the suffragist who helped start the Memphis chapter of the Ku Klux Klan? She shared her home with her brother- & sister-in-law, Lide Smith Meriwether. Lide was as devoted a suffragist as Elizabeth, and more progressive. <br /><br />Lide devoted much of the 1870s to supporting local sex workers (forgive the anachronism) and their children. Her view of “fallen women” was progressive for its time: she believed prostitution was a result of economic need, not inherently low morals. <br /><br />By 1886 Eliz. & her husband had moved to St. Louis. Maybe Lide felt freer to do cross-racial work without them around, because she expanded her activism to the Knights of Labor. KofL was challenging the rapaciousness of RR barons like Jay Gould. It was integrated and co-ed. <br /><br />KofL held “large, festive, interracial gatherings throughout the South replete with parades that included black women who rode in carriages…” (Paula Giddings) Ida B Wells attended a meeting in Memphis where she was treated “with the courtesy usually extended to white ladies.”<br /><br />One of the speakers that day was Lide Meriwether. Lide was state president of the Women’s Christian Temperance Union. Under her leadership WCTU organized its 1st Black chapters in the South. A meeting she chaired in 1886 was probably the 1st interracial women's mtng in Memphis. WCTU had a fraught relationship with suffrage, but it was the place to organize respectable women in conservative Memphis. <br /><br />It took Lide 3 years, but she managed to add a suffrage plank to WCTU’s platform. In 1889 she formed the first suffrage club in Memphis, with 50 members. Lide was truly the face of the white women’s suffrage movement in Tennessee for the rest of the century. She toured the state in the 1890s as a paid organizer for NAWSA, and presided over state suffrage conventions, where she was elected “honorary president for life.” <br /><br />Lide is honored on the <a href="https://www.thenorthstar.com/a-new-monument-in-tennessee-highlights-black-women-in-the-suffrage-movement/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Tennessee Women’s Suffrage Trail</a> @<a href="https://twitter.com/TNSuffrageTrail" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">TNSuffrageTrail</a>. @<a href="https://twitter.com/MichelleDuster" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">MichelleDuster</a> wrote about the expansion of the trail, which now honors Lide alongside Ida B Wells & Mary Church Terrell (and Elizabeth Meriwether):<br /><br />Lastly, b/c I can’t make this stuff up: Lide’s daughter Virginia eloped in 1882 (her sister eloped the same night!) Virginia immediately realized she’d made a mistake & returned. Her new husband pursued her, armed. She got hold of his gun, he brandished another, and she shot him. <br /><br />As he lay dying, he acknowledged she had fired in self-defense. In Memphis, Virginia Meriwether was talk of the town. She moved to New York and enrolled in the Blackwell sisters’ medical school. At her death in 1949 she was the oldest practicing woman doctor in New York.
Title
A name given to the resource
The other Meriwether sister
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
10/01/2020
1886
Elizabeth Avery Meriwether
KKK
labor
Tennessee
WCTU
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Centennial Twitter Collection
Subject
The topic of the resource
2020 Centennial of Women's Suffrage Amendment
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Rachel B. Tiven
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Twitter.com
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
August 2019 to August 2020
Language
A language of the resource
English
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Daily Suffragist
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://twitter.com/DailySuffragist/status/1199033851890348032" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Original thread.</a>
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An account of the resource
<span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-1qd0xha r-ad9z0x r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0">Within weeks of the murders, so much of Black Memphis had left town that the streetcar ridership collapsed. Men from the City Railway Co came to Ida B Wells' office, seeking to understand why Black riders had disappeared. Quotes from IBW's book Crusade for Justice, via Mia Bay.</span>
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Wells asked them “what they thought was the cause.” <br /><br />“They had heard that Negroes were afraid of electricity,” she recalled them saying. She pointed out that it had been 6 months since the switch to electric streetcars. “How long since you have observed the change [in ridership]?” <br /><br />“About six weeks,” they admitted. “Why, it was just six weeks ago that the lynching took place.” “The streetcar company had nothing to do with the lynchings,” replied the City Railway men. “It is owned by Northern capitalists.” <br /><br />As soon as they left Ida B Wells wrote a piece for the next edition of the Free Press with the news that the economic pressure was being felt. Through the paper and local churches, she encouraged Black Memphis to keep boycotting the streetcars - while folks prepared to leave town for good.
Title
A name given to the resource
Memphis Streetcar boycott
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
25/11/2020
Black Suffragists
Direct Action
Ida B Wells
Racism
Tennessee
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Centennial Twitter Collection
Subject
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2020 Centennial of Women's Suffrage Amendment
Creator
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Rachel B. Tiven
Source
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Twitter.com
Date
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August 2019 to August 2020
Language
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English
Dublin Core
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Daily Suffragist
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<a href="https://twitter.com/DailySuffragist/status/1198749716286193664" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Original thread.</a>
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By 1892, Ida B Wells’ Memphis paper was thriving. She traveled the Mississippi Delta selling subscriptions, tripling circulation. <em>Free Speech</em> was editorially fearless: Ida sharply called out any accommodation of white supremacy, even by Black community leaders she knew. Thread. <br /><br />Thomas Moss & his wife Betty were Ida B Wells’ best friends. They ran the co-op People’s Grocery in the Curve, a Black section of Memphis. W.H.Barrett, the white owner of a nearby grocery that had once had a neighborhood monopoly, took every opportunity to harass his competition. <br /><br />@<a href="https://twitter.com/lynchingsites" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">lynchingsites</a> WH Barrett spread rumors of a race riot - a setup that ended with plainclothes Memphis police being shot by People’s Grocery guards. Memphis whites looted the store, Black people in the Curve were arrested at random, and Tom Moss and other black men were jailed without bail. <br /><br />A Black militia group, the Tennessee Rifles, knew lynching was likely, so patrolled the jail - but after 3 days the sheriff seized their guns & those of all Black citizens of Memphis. On March 9, 1892, at 3 a.m., a white mob dragged out Thomas Moss, Calvin McDowell, Wm. Stewart. <br /><br />McDowell fought hard, grabbing a lyncher’s gun and not letting go until shot through his hand. Tom Moss begged on behalf of himself, his child & his pregnant wife. Instead of mercy, he was asked for his last words. “Tell my people to go West - there is no justice for them here."
Title
A name given to the resource
The lynchings of Thomas Moss, Calvin McDowell, and William Stewart
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
24/11/2020
1892
Ida B Wells
Racism
Tennessee
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Centennial Twitter Collection
Subject
The topic of the resource
2020 Centennial of Women's Suffrage Amendment
Creator
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Rachel B. Tiven
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Twitter.com
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
August 2019 to August 2020
Language
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English
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Creator
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Daily Suffragist
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://twitter.com/DailySuffragist/status/1197862497413468166" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Original thread.</a>
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Ida B Wells didn’t love being a teacher, but as she built an adult life in Memphis, she began working as a reporter. Realizing that owning & editing her own paper was the only way to make a living as a journalist, Wells invested in The Memphis Free Speech and Headlight. Thread. <br /><br />Her new career ended her old one: after protesting in print the “few and utterly inadequate buildings” for Black students in Memphis schools, as well as corruption on the school board, Wells' teaching contract was not renewed. She had found her calling. <br /><br />9Ida B Wells' paper Free Speech was in demand in rural towns, where often 1 person would read it aloud in public. When the owners learned that vendors were cheating illiterate buyers by selling them the wrong paper, they started printing Free Speech on distinctive pink paper. <br /><br />What made Ida B Wells so fearless? Mia Bay’s biography, "To Tell the Truth Freely," argues that growing up at the peak of Reconstruction, with politically active parents, gave Ida a precious taste of a world in which Black people had power.<br /><br />Hear Bay & @<a href="https://twitter.com/nhannahjones" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">nhannahjones</a> on @<a href="https://twitter.com/LewisPants" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">LewisPants</a> podcast about Ida B Wells' legacy of activist journalism.<iframe width="100%" height="482" frameborder="0" scrolling="no"></iframe>No image today. As @<a href="https://twitter.com/TennHistory" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">TennHistory</a> explains: “No copy of the Free Speech survives. As with the other 25 black-owned newspapers of the era, no library or archive has preserved copies." All we have are partial reprints in other papers.
Title
A name given to the resource
Ida B. Wells, Owner & Editor
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
22/11/2019
Black Suffragists
Ida B Wells
Newspapers
Tennessee
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Centennial Twitter Collection
Subject
The topic of the resource
2020 Centennial of Women's Suffrage Amendment
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Rachel B. Tiven
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Twitter.com
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
August 2019 to August 2020
Language
A language of the resource
English
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Daily Suffragist
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://twitter.com/DailySuffragist/status/1197755386008424448" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Original thread.</a>
Description
An account of the resource
Way down the rabbit hole tonight. Memphis cartes de visites circa 1880s, many from a Gebhardt Studios on Beale Street that had both black & white patrons. A whole cache on Flickr, lovingly annotated circa 2015 by someone I can't identify in real life. <br /><br /><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/51992558@N00/albums/72157638797992446" title="old Memphis cartes de visite, cabinet cards, and other old image types"><img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/2868/11437684054_d7d86c6b78_z.jpg" width="640" height="480" alt="old Memphis cartes de visite, cabinet cards, and other old image types" /></a><br /><br /><br />Rev. Benjamin Imes, Ida B Wells's minister: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/51992558@N00/16703997882/in/album-72157638797992446/" title="1880s photo of Rev. Benjamin A. Imes, Memphis, Tennessee"><img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/8663/16703997882_5f1c87230e_z.jpg" width="640" height="480" alt="1880s photo of Rev. Benjamin A. Imes, Memphis, Tennessee" /></a>
Title
A name given to the resource
There's a lot of stuff on the world wide web
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
22/11/2019
Ida B Wells
Resources
Tennessee
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Centennial Twitter Collection
Subject
The topic of the resource
2020 Centennial of Women's Suffrage Amendment
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Rachel B. Tiven
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Twitter.com
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
August 2019 to August 2020
Language
A language of the resource
English
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Daily Suffragist
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://twitter.com/DailySuffragist/status/1197011398464806912" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Original thread.</a>
Description
An account of the resource
Memphis was rebuilding when Ida B. Wells arrived in the 1880s. After the yellow fever epidemic, the city levied a tax to build drainage systems & fight mosquitoes. The city fathers were white, but a growing Black population garnered some power: school board seats, police hires. <br /><br />Accomplished Black women in town were resisting segregation. Jane Brown sued and won after a Memphis railroad made her change cars. Julia Hooks refused to move from her seat in a downtown theatre: she was thrown out, jailed, and fined. (Image of RR car interior c. 1880.) <br /><br />@<a href="https://twitter.com/ExploreWellcome" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">ExploreWellcome</a> Ida surely knew about these heroic women when she refused to give up the first class “ladies car” seat she had bought on a Memphis-bound train in 1883. When the conductor grabbed her to haul her off the train, she bit his hand. <br /><br />Whites stood on their seats to watch, and applauded when she was taken off the train. #IdaBWells sued for violation of the Tennessee “separate but equal” railway policy, as there was no Black 1st class ladies car. She won. She was 21 years old.
Title
A name given to the resource
Ida fights segregation on the railroad
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
19/11/2019
Direct Action
Ida B Wells
Racism
Tennessee